Several types of the tooth

The shapes of animals' teeth give clues to the type of diets they eat. Meat eaters have sharp, pointed teeth to pierce and tear. Plant eaters have broad, flat teeth to crush and grind. Humans are no exception. As a species, we eat both meats and plants, so we have different types of teeth to handle both types of food.

Canines — On both sides of your upper and lower incisors are the canines (a total of four). Sometimes called eyeteeth or cuspids, canines are the longest and most stable teeth in the mouth. They are thick and come to a single sharp point. They are ideal for ripping and tearing at foods that might be tough, such as meat, and for piercing and holding. They have a long single root.

Incisors — The four front teeth in both your upper and lower jaws (a total of eight) are incisors. The pair of teeth at the center of your mouth, top and bottom, are called the central incisors. And the teeth on each side of the central incisors are the lateral incisors. All the incisors are broad, flat teeth with a narrow edge good for cutting or snipping off pieces of food. They have a single root.

Molars — The last three upper and lower teeth on both sides of your mouth are the molars (a total of 12). They are numbered first, second or third molars depending on their location. The first molars, also called 6-year molars, are those closest to the front of the mouth, directly next to the second premolars. The third molars are also called the wisdom teeth. They are the last teeth, farthest back in the mouth on all sides. In between are the second molars, also called 12-year molars. Molars are large teeth with broad surfaces designed for crushing, grinding and chewing food. On the upper jaw, the molars have three well-separated roots. On the lower jaw, the molars have two roots.


Premolars — Next to each canine are two premolars (a total of eight). Also called bicuspids, premolars are a cross between canines and molars. They have sharp points for piercing and ripping, but they also have a broader surface for chewing and grinding. On the upper jaw, the first premolars (directly next to the canines) have two roots, and the second premolars have one root. On the lower jaw, all premolars have one root.

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Dentist's jargon

You're sitting in the dental chair and you hear your dentist tell his chairside assistant, "We're going to be doing the buccal of number 14 today." You know you're scheduled to have a cavity filled, but what's a buccal?

That's one of several words dentists use to refer to the various sides and surfaces of a tooth. Learn them, and next time your dentist's words may make more sense.

Here's how dentists refer to the tooth's surfaces:

Occlusal — You might think of this as the "top" of a tooth. It's the surface of the back (molar and premolar) teeth that is used for biting or chewing.

Buccal or facial or labial — This is the tooth surface that faces the outside of your mouth. It's also what people can see when they look at you. The tooth surface that is closest or next to your cheek is called the buccal surface. In teeth that are closer to the front of the mouth, this surface is closer to the lips and is called the labial surface. Facial is an "umbrella" term that refers to both the buccal and labial surfaces.

Cusps — The parts of the occlusal surface that are raised.

Lingual or palatal — This is the surface of a tooth that is closest or next to your tongue. On your upper teeth, this is called the palatal surface. On your lower teeth, it's called the lingual surface.


Grooves — The parts of the occlusal surface that are indented.

Mesial and distal — The mesial and distal surfaces are the sides that come into contact with adjacent teeth. They are also called proximal surfaces. The mesial side faces the front of the mouth. The distal side faces the back of the mouth.

Furcation — The part of the tooth where the roots come together. This area usually is under the gum and bone.

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Handling and use of the toothbrush

Tooth brushing with a fluoride toothpaste is a simple, widely recommended and widely practiced method of caring for one teeth. When done routinely and properly, tooth brushing can reduce the amount of plaque which contains the bacteria associated with gum disease and tooth decay, as well as provide the cavity-preventing benefits of fluoride.

To date, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is unaware of any adverse health effects directly related to toothbrush use, although people with bleeding disorders and those severely immuno-depressed may suffer trauma from tooth brushing and may need to seek alternate means of oral hygiene. The mouth is home to millions of microorganisms (germs). In removing plaque and other soft debris from the teeth, toothbrushes become contaminated with bacteria, blood, saliva, oral debris, and toothpaste. Because of this contamination, a common recommendation is to rinse one toothbrush thoroughly with tap water following brushing. Limited research has suggested that even after being rinsed visibly clean, toothbrushes can remain contaminated with potentially pathogenic organisms. In response to this, various means of cleaning, disinfecting or sterilizing toothbrushes between uses have been developed. To date, however, no published research data documents that brushing with a contaminated toothbrush has led to recontamination of a user mouth, oral infections, or other adverse health effects.

Tooth brushing Programs in Schools and Group Settings

Tooth brushing in group settings should always be supervised to ensure that toothbrushes are not shared and that they are handled properly. The likelihood of toothbrush cross-contamination in these environments is very high, either through children playing with them or toothbrushes being stored improperly. In addition a small chance exists that toothbrushes could become contaminated with blood during brushing. Although the risk for disease transmission through toothbrushes is still minimal, it is a potential cause for concern. Therefore, officials in charge of tooth brushing programs in these settings should evaluate their programs carefully.

Recommended measures for hygienic tooth brushing in schools:

Ensure that each child has his or her own toothbrush, clearly marked with identification. Do not allow children to share or borrow toothbrushes.

To prevent cross contamination of the toothpaste tube, ensure that a pea-sized amount of toothpaste is always dispensed onto a piece of wax paper before dispensing any onto the toothbrush.

After the children finish brushing, ensure that they rinse their toothbrushes thoroughly with tap water, allow them to air-dry, and store them in an upright position so they cannot contact those of other children.

Provide children with paper cups to use for rinsing after they finish brushing. Do not allow them to share cups, and ensure that they dispose of the cups properly after a single use.

Recommended Toothbrush Care

Do not share toothbrushes. The exchange of body fluids that such sharing would foster places toothbrush sharers at an increased risk for infections, a particularly important consideration for persons with compromised immune systems or infectious diseases.

After brushing, rinse your toothbrush thoroughly with tap water to ensure the removal of toothpaste and debris, allow it to air-dry, and store it in an upright position. If multiple brushes are stored in the same holder, do not allow them to contact each other.

It is not necessary to soak toothbrushes in disinfecting solutions or mouthwash. This practice actually may lead to cross-contamination of toothbrushes if the same disinfectant solution is used over a period of time or by multiple users.

It is also unnecessary to use dishwashers, microwaves, or ultraviolet devices to disinfect toothbrushes. These measures may damage the toothbrush.


Do not routinely cover toothbrushes or store them in closed containers. Such conditions (a humid environment) are more conducive to bacterial growth than the open air.

Replace your toothbrush every 3-4 months, or sooner if the bristles appear worn or splayed. This recommendation of the American Dental Association is based on the expected wear of the toothbrush and its subsequent loss of mechanical effectiveness, not on its bacterial contamination.
A decision to purchase or use products for toothbrush disinfection requires careful consideration, as the scientific literature does not support this practice at the present time.

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What is the general dentist

Where do general dentists practice?
General dentists make up the majority of the 143,000 dentists practicing in the United States and Canada. Sometimes they become partners or associates with other dentists in a group practice. Other general dentists own their practice. Some general dentists work in government health services, research programs, higher education, corporations and even the military.

General dentists are the primary dental care providers for patients of all ages. They can treat you and your entire family and care for your overall oral health. This is crucial to your total health. Your general dentist takes responsibility for the diagnosis, treatment and overall coordination of services to meet your oral health needs. If you need a specialized dental procedure performed, your general dentist may work with other dentists to make sure you get the care you need.

What kind of procedures do general dentists provide?
Many general dentists are highly educated and trained on all dental procedures. Instead of specializing in just one area of dentistry, they can provide plenty of different services for you and your family, such as:
· Cosmetic procedures
· Crowns and bridges
· Dental implants
· Dentures
· Gum disease treatment
· Home care instruction
· Mouthguards
· Nutrition counseling
· Oral surgery
· Orthodontics
· Partial dentures
· Restorative care
· Root canal therapy
· Sealants
· Teeth cleanings
· Tobacco cessation
· TMD/TMJ therapy

How much education is required to become a general dentist?
To become a general dentist, three or more years of undergraduate college education degree (typically with a strong science foundation) plus four years of dental school is required. After graduating, dentists must take a licensure examination which is required by the state in which they practice.


What's the difference between DMD and DDS?
Just one letter! Both dentists receive the same education and complete the same curriculum requirements. DDS stands for Doctor of Dental Surgery and DMD stands for Doctor of Dental Medicine.

Why does my dentist belong to the AGD?
Your general dentist cares about long-term dental health for you and your family and demonstrates that concern by belonging to the AGD. Members are dedicated to continuing education to help them stay up-to-date on the latest procedures to provide you and your family with quality treatment.

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Why brushing toothpaste important

Is brushing with toothpaste enough to fight cavities and gum disease?

No. Although brushing thoroughly after each meal helps, flossing your teeth every day to remove plaque and food particles between teeth and at the gumline is just as important. Studies show that plaque will regrow on teeth that are completely clean within three to four hours of brushing.

Brushing with toothpaste is important for several reasons.

First and foremost, a toothpaste and a correct brushing action work to remove plaque, a sticky, harmful film of bacteria that grows on your teeth that causes cavities, gum disease and eventual tooth loss if not controlled.

Second, toothpaste contains fluoride, which makes the entire tooth structure more resistant to decay and promotes remineralization, which aids in repairing early decay before the damage can even be seen.

Third, special ingredients in toothpaste help to clean and polish the teeth and remove stains over time.


Fourth, toothpastes help freshen breath and leave your mouth with a clean feeling.

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Avoid the teeth and mouth injuries in sports

A few years ago, a dental newsletter published what seemed like an unusual story. A boy snagged his teeth on a basketball net while doing a slam-dunk.

A freakish accident? Not quite. After the article appeared, nearly 40 dentists wrote in with their own stories. They all told of would-be Michael Jordans who sacrificed their front teeth in pursuit of the perfect dunk.

In older children and adults, sports injuries are common. Dentists estimate that between 13% and 39% of dental injuries occur while playing sports.

About 80% of all dental injuries affect at least one of the front teeth. Damage to the tongue or cheek is common, too.

asic Protection

Even if a tooth has been knocked out, it often can be saved if you get to a dentist quickly enough. Minor chips and cracks can be repaired. Dentists use tooth-colored materials that are nearly as strong as the original tooth. However, even "minor" injuries can cause serious and costly damage. If you enjoy sports or other high-risk activities, protect yourself. The use of mouth guards among football players, for example, is believed to prevent about 200,000 mouth injuries a year.
Depending on the sport, two types of protection are available:

Mouth guards — Wearing a mouth guard is one of the best ways to prevent injury to your teeth, tongue and lips. A custom-fit mouth guard from your dentist is recommended. This type of mouth guard usually fits better than a ready-made one (found in sporting-goods stores). That means it may protect your teeth better.

Helmets — A helmet is a must for activities that involve speed or impact. These include football, hockey, skating and bike riding. The helmet should fit correctly. It should also be appropriate for the sport you are playing.


If a custom-fit mouth guard isn't an option, try a "boil-and-bite" mouth guard. You can buy one in a sporting-goods store. You place the mouth guard in boiling water. Once the plastic is soft (but not too hot), you bite down on the mouth guard and mold the softened plastic around your teeth. If the mouth guard doesn't fit comfortably the first time, you can reheat it and do it again.

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Dental gum transplant

Loosening and gum graft

A healthy tooth is surrounded by two types of gum: the attached gingiva and gingival mobile, also called mucosa. The gingiva is resistant to loosening the attached gingiva.

Moreover, this gum is present in large quantities, there is less risk of loosening. When attached gingiva is very thin, the region is more likely to come off the tooth.

Loosening of the teeth, also called gingival recession, resulting in exposure of the tooth root. Without intervention, the progression of the recession can cause tooth loss affected.

Loosening can be easily diagnosed during the oral examination.

Causes of loosening

Periodontal disease
Brushing too hard
Improper brushing technique
Factors that can promote

The use of a toothbrush with bristles
Tooth position
The movement of the teeth
Treatment: gum graft

The gum graft can increase the zone of attached gingiva and thus prevent the progression of loosening of the tooth.

A grafting techniques is to take a thin layer of tissue at the palace and placed at the base of loosening to slow its progression. It aims to increase the attached gingiva and stabilize the region. A gingival graft may also be used to cover a root exposed.


The success rate of these two procedures is excellent and their benefits can last, in most cases, several years if not a lifetime if the patient is responsible to maintain good oral hygiene.

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Planted teeth Profile

Dental Implants

The dental implant is an artificial tooth root made of titanium, which is inserted into the jaw to replace the root of a natural tooth and which can be fixed on a crown, a bridge or full denture.

Once installed, the implant soda slowly to the bone, a process called osseointegration. The healing time varies from one to several months, depending in particular the quality of the bone, the contact between the teeth of the upper jaw and lower, and the type of food to be done.

The implant is usually a minor surgery. The majority of patients undergoing this treatment describe the postoperative period as similar to the extraction of some teeth.

The dental restorations which must first be an examination of the mouth to determine if the patient can receive a prosthesis on implants. It considers the possible treatment, it will send the patient usually visit the dentist responsible for the surgery, which may be a general dentist or specialist with the skills necessary for implant placement. This will ensure that there is sufficient bone mass and solid, and the gums are healthy.

If the bone is insufficient, the dentist can increase bone lost or missing by a bone graft. An oral examination, thorough medical and radiological is an essential prerequisite.

The dentist responsible for the restoration manufactures and installs prostheses on implants. It may be a general dentist or a prosthodontist, a dentist specializing in crowns, bridges and dentures.

When the patient will have its final restorations in the mouth, it must undergo examinations regularly and see the dentist at least once a year.

The main cons-indications

Specific health problems, such as uncontrolled diabetes
A bony anatomy of the jaw which does not allow to place the implants in a favorable position to receive a crown or prosthesis
The lack of bone volume to place implants and the inability to perform a bone graft
In addition, the implant is not recommended before adolescence, as growth is not complete.


Different types of implant prostheses

The implant crown: the crown is attached to the implant with cement.
The partial or complete set of implants: implants replace the roots of teeth and partial dentures can be screwed or cemented while the denture is screwed.
The removable partial or complete dentures on implants: the prosthesis is fixed on a support bar screwed onto the implants by various fastening systems.
Success rate of treatment

The success rate of implants in bone ungrafted varies between 85% and 99%, depending on the location of the implant and the type of restoration.

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Profile composite resin

His job

Composite resin is indicated to replace broken or lost restorations and to restore a portion of the tooth destroyed by decay of small or medium size. It has good resistance to fracture and wear and can last several years.

Composite resin

White, resin composite material is a cosmetic used to restore anterior and posterior teeth. Composite resin is used to correct defects caused by decay, fracture or a bad tooth position. It is mainly composed of a polymer (plastic) and inert particles very hard and very small.

A more fluid material that is used as a sealant to prevent the development of caries in pits and fissures that are on top of the teeth at the back of the mouth. More commonly used among children, the sealant can also be used in adults.

Benefits

Available in several shades of different colors around the teeth, composite resin is very aesthetic.
The cavity prepared by the dentist to correct the decay is often less at the level of posterior teeth for amalgam.
disadvantages


When the composite resin is used in large-scale preparations of the posterior teeth, it is less durable than amalgam.
If there is loss of sealant, the risk of secondary caries (caries adjacent to a region already restored) is higher.
The composite resin restorations cost more than amalgam restorations.
The following photos are examples of composite resin restorations made ​​on posterior teeth.

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About Dental Amalgam

Used in dentistry for over 150 years, dental amalgam is a material composed primarily of mercury, silver, copper and tin. It remains a filling material of choice for teeth located behind less visible.

Inexpensive and very durable, well sealed dental amalgam tooth, which reduces the recurrence rate of decay. Finally, it resists much pressure from chewing. Its main drawback remains its silver color, which may displease.

Dental amalgams release mercury vapors, especially when chewing. According to the literature, the amount of metallic mercury released would, however, well below the toxicity threshold.

Note also that each individual absorbs every day another form of mercury from the environment. This organic mercury is found particularly in the air, in water and in foods such as fish.

According to Health Canada, it is not justified to completely prohibit the use of amalgam or recommend the replacement of amalgam fillings in good condition in patients. In addition, there is no data showing that dental amalgam is a cause of disease in the general population.

Benefits

Waterproof
Durable and abrasion-resistant
Disadvantages

Unsightly
Allergic reactions (rare)
The Order of Dentists of Quebec does not advise patients to replace amalgams in good condition other filling materials.


It is recommended not to use amalgam for the following patients:

People allergic to mercury. The true allergies to mercury are rare (less than 1% of the population). A skin test and an oral examination to verify if a person is allergic to mercury.
People who suffer from renal (kidney disease).
To read the position statement from Health Canada www.hc-sc.gc.ca.

To read the position statement of the Order of Dentists of Quebec: Policies and guidelines.

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Why Choose Zetadental?

Zeta Dental specialize in high quality dental lab equipment  and professional service at favorable price. With years of experience in the dental equipment industry, we are willing to establish long and strong relationship with our customers, creating complete confidence in both our professional dental knowledge and timely service.

Everything we do is focused on service to our clients, we have been being a trusted advisor and consultant, offering our clients dental lab equipment and expertise to achieve their satisfaction.

Swift

What you need, when you need it. We stock many different dental lab equipments for sale in several strategically located warehouse and distribution centers in Europe, North America and Southeast Asia, to ensure  lab equipment availability and fast delivery.

In-stock, non-personalized dental lab equipments ship same day. Plus with multiple distribution centers, we can ship out your order as soon as possible from the nearest center to you.

We offer no-vendor business. All the dental lab equipments are shipped from our distribution centers directly. That’s why we can offer equipment for sale at such favorable price. In that case, you can contact us whenever you are not satisfied with the dental lab equipment.

We offer one customer at a time service. Zeta Dental Sales Representative responds to each customer as if he were the only customer. It is this corporate philosophy that has helped build Zeta Dental into one of the largest, most trusted dental distributors in the world. 

Advanced

We offer CE-certified, FDA-certified and ISO-certified dental lab equipment. With our highest standard of quality control, which revolves around all processes from parts manufacture to assembly, the expected life of our lab equipment is among the top in the industry. We offer latest technological dental equipment.

Why us 
We pride ourselves by offering high quality, low prices, excellent customer service upon which the company was built. And also it is the corporate philosophy which has helped build ZetaDental to be one of the largest, most trusted dental equipment suppliers all over the world.

We offer you non-personalized dental lab equipment products and personalized dental lab products.

We offer CE-certified, FDA-certified and ISO-certified dental lab equipments.

We offer a great cost-performance rate.

We run an implemented quality management system.

We provide timely and effectively service.